Journal: Cell Death & Disease
Article Title: Role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the cellular response to Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields)
doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-07546-8
Figure Lengend Snippet: A Luminex assay of lysates from control and TTFields-treated (72 h) U-87 MG and A2780 cells. Left panel: heatmap showing the log fold change of phosphorylated to total protein ratio relative to the control. Right panel: AKT phosphorylation (Ser473) is presented as mean ± SEM; N ≥ 2 . * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; multiple unpaired t-tests. B – D Western blot analysis of AKT, pAKT (Ser473), BAD, pBAD (Ser136), and GAPDH in lysates from control and TTFields-treated (72 h) U-87 MG, A2780, and H1299 cells. Densitometric analysis for phosphorylation fold change is shown as mean ± SEM; N ≥ 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001; multiple unpaired t-tests. E – I Western blot analysis of AKT, pAKT (Thr308), ULK1, pULK1 (Ser757), S6, pS6 (Ser235/236), 4EBP1, 4EBP1 (Thr37/46), and GAPDH in lysates from control and TTFields-treated (72 h) U-87 MG, A2780, and H1299 cells. Densitometric analysis for phosphorylation fold change is shown as mean ± SEM; N ≥ 3. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001; multiple unpaired t -tests. J Immunohistochemical analysis of pAKT (Ser473) in tumor sections from control and TTFields-treated animals: N1-S1 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors (150 kHz, 5 days), MOSE-L ovarian cancer tumors (200 kHz, 10 days), and LL/2 lung tumors (150 kHz, 8 days). Representative images and quantification performed as an average of 5 images per animal, shown as mean ± SD with a total of 7–13 animals per group. ** p < 0.01; multiple unpaired t -tests.
Article Snippet: Electrophoresis was performed on two different gels for each sample, one immunoblotted for total protein levels, and the other for the levels of the phosphorylated protein, using the following primary antibodies: 4E-BP1 (Cell Signaling, 9452), p4E-BP1 (Thr37/46) (Cell Signaling, 9459), AKT (Cell Signaling, 2920), pAKT (Ser473) (Cell Signaling, 4060), pAKT (Thr308) (Cell Signaling, 4056), AMPK (Cell Signaling, 2793), pAMPK (Thr172) (Cell Signaling, 2535), BAD (Abcam, ab32445), pBAD (Ser136) (Cell Signaling, 43665), FAK (Cell Signaling, 32855), pFAK (Tyr397) (Cell Signaling, 32835), GAPDH (Santa Cruz, sc-32233), GEF-H1 (Cell Signaling, 4145), pGEF-H1 (Ser886) (Cell Signaling, 14143), PI3K p85a (Cell Signaling, 13666), pPI3K p85 (Tyr458)/p55 (Tyr199) (Cell Signaling, 4228), N-cadherin (Abcam, ab18203), S6 (Cell Signaling, 4859), pS6 (S235/236) (Cell Signaling, 4858), ULK1 (Cell Signaling, 8054), pULK1 (Ser757) (Cell Signaling, 6888).
Techniques: Luminex, Control, Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Immunohistochemical staining